Lawyer at Socrates Case in 399 B.C.

Introduction â€Å"Born in either 469 or 470 B.C. [†¦] Socrates was son to Sophroniscus and Phainarete of Alopeke village under the jurisdiction of Athens (Brian, p.4).† He was probably a trained mason like his father but his life was more prosperous as an army hoplite supplying personal war-gears and armour.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lawyer at Socrates Case in 399 B.C. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Socrates was however poor with a low standard occupation. Arguably, his lifestyle was out of choice and one would easily locate him at marketplace or city-square, which would otherwise become the municipal of Athens. According to Brian (p.4), Socrates was a brave fighter and campaigner at various encounters from 422 to 432 B.C. His military experience made him adequately famous as a philosopher or sophists. Sophists required payment for their educational or informative services. The accusations ag ainst Socrates was based on misleading of young minds into perceiving the wrong as right or finding better reasons from what was against the Jurisdiction. Socrates was a man of unfathomable religious convictions and a patriot, but most of his contemporary allies regarded him with suspicion and dislike due to his attitude towards the state of Athens and the various religious convictions. In 399 B.C., Socrates faced charges of abandoning authority orders and in support of introducing new divinities, which was a reference of his own demonian. He also faced accusations of corrupting morals of the youth by swindling them against democratic principles. The main basis for Socrates’ defence is the apology he made at the trial. He clearly vindicates the true lifestyle of his entire lifestyle by ironically placing a counter position against the ruling of Athenians legal panel of judges. He proposed that the panel must consider a small fine for the reason that he had a philosophical val ue and role in the society. These alterations angered the jury and a majority votes for his death penalty, despite voting by just a small number. This situation leads to his condemnation. This paper presents an argument for the acquittal of Socrates from the death penalty. It takes the situation back to 399 B.C during Socrates trait at Athens. This advocacy is therefore in present tense but based in the past. Socrates maintains calm and collected status and unlike the other Sophists, the self-claimed philosopher does not accept payment for teaching his students (Poppas, p.17). The vindication that he had a lot awaiting his future is evidently a conscious state of expression out of utmost good faith.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The jury must accept that he does not impose personal claims out of arrogance and pride. His lifestyle in a clear indication that his refusal for paym ent by the students is for the fact that, he appreciate moral uprightness and is ready to assist others garner genuine knowledge about social morality, in the true spirit of promoting literacy. Socrates indicates that it is possible to acquire genuine wisdom from personal believes and those of others. I also wish to strongly point out that Socrates has a genuine reason to stand by his philosophical point of view. His task is not to provoke people’s way of thinking; he genuinely teaches and emphasizes full existence of knowledge for each person, through decisive ability to gather or discover existence of knowledge within the soul. He only works to encourage people to become consciously aware of the inner reflection. Socrates has a strong personality of teaching and guiding through knowledge acquisition or discovery. A good example of his endeavours is his guidance of an untrained person to formulate the Pythagorean Theorem (Poppas, p.17). This is a clear indication that Socrat es’ is truly committed to provoking people’s inner knowledge and abilities that lie within. He is in support of a moral logic that knowledge in mainly innate within the soul, and people mainly learn from inner thinking rather than experience. He has a unique but logical way of life where the emphasis is on the need to provoke ways of thinking, rather than teaching people systematically what they ought to learn. Socrates contribution to education is through triggering of active thoughts as a way of living as opposed to a methodical doctrine. He definitely have a clear understanding of the need for acquiring basic concepts or fundamental knowledge, and thus the reasons he emphasizes on the need for analytical examination styles for rational or critical ethical problems. Various philosophers such as Plato are able to stand in line with Socrates’ style of administering knowledge, and thus share similar insights regarding ethics as the best and strongest choice for a cquisition of information (Saillant, p.1). I wish to acknowledge that Socrates stresses the intellectual basis of identifying ethical virtues and confines them within the basic human wisdom. In investigating his moral point of view, the exploration touches a wide range of common human problems concerning politics, natural science, governance theories, metaphysics, religious conflicts in theology, and various hypotheses of acquiring knowledge (Saillant, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lawyer at Socrates Case in 399 B.C. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In line with Socrates’ apology, he has the chance of accept the ruling that the jury acquits him from the charges on condition that he stops philosophizing. He however decides to follow the order of his god and wrong the city due to what the law terms to be civil disobedience. Socrates understands the consequences of such defiance. In the apology he st ates that â€Å"I do know [.] that it is wicked and shameful to do wrong, to disobey one’s superior, be he god or man† (Saillant, p.1). This statement can be ambiguous depending on the interpretation. One of the interpretations of the understanding the jury ought to consider would be that the accused is trying to consider the superiority levels and decide the side one should follow given the situation at hand. The other interpretation the jury should critically analyze is defying serving civic authority for the divine rule that seem uncommon among faithful. Logically even when the law fails to weigh and clearly stipulate the levels of authority and the difference between divine and civil authority, the divine authority give the impression of rational superiority for most believers. From any civil interpretation, assuming that the law is clear and rule do not conflict; the higher or superior authority overrules the lesser authority. Socrates considers that the divine au thority is superior to the civil authority thus the reason he certainly consider the divine orders. If one faces two superior orders, it is only possible to obey one order at the expense of the other. Arguably, the way the accused presents his choice is interpretable to the second sense where he may appear committed to being a disgrace to his choice of the lower authority. If the jury consider either of the interpretations, the course of action must prevail alongside the divine order. Socrates supports this action. Considering the level of superiority will nullify the rules by civil authority and the accused will not have committed civil disobedience. The jury should not consider any form of harm to the lesser authority. There are various reasons to support Socrates point of view. Socrates’ decision postulates the existence of higher authority thus invalidating the orders of the lesser authority. I urge the jury to consider pre-empting the principle of weighing amount of disg race over the level of authority, as the basis for deciding superiority complex. I object to those who consider determining the level of authority as a disgrace. Socrates’ case brings less shame and disgrace to the jury, when he interprets his point of reasoning over achieving educational goals. â€Å"The amount of shame or disgrace one may endure for the achievement of a goal, [†¦], ought not to be a deciding factor is the resulting shame or disgrace† (Pappas, p.13). In determining the orders to follow, the level of authority is the determining factor of shame.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The authority has right of command and Socrates acknowledges the policy. Since the law fails to outline clearly the cause of action for conflicting cases, the right of command must vanish in cases where two or more orders conflict. The law must therefore present all forms of authorities and weigh superiority. Socrates’ claim is only normative one indicating the existence of superiority for god or man. His apology supports the claim of divine power. From his disagreement standpoint, â€Å"disrespecting a judgment or escaping the city or evade the death penalty is wrong because he would cheat a just agreement with the city and its laws and, thereby, harm them† (Pappas, p.13). The accused responds to divine orders to analyze his inner soul and those of others thoroughly to remove any inconsistencies. I support his point of view that the soul is divine since it reveals personality and fights ignorance. Works Cited Brian, MacArthur. The Penguin Book of Historic Speeches. Ne w York, NY: Penguin Books, 1996.Print. Pappas, Nickolas. Review of Socrates’ Divine Sign: Religion, Practice and Value in  Socratic Philosophy. Michigan, MI: Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. 2005. Print Saillant, Said. The Role of Inconsistency in the Death of Socrates. Prometheus. Johns Hopkins Philosophy Journal. Vol 2, Issues 2. May 10 2009. Web. 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Wpa statement on plagiarism Essays

Wpa statement on plagiarism Essays Wpa statement on plagiarism Essay Wpa statement on plagiarism Essay Plagiarism was never as serious an issue as it today. Teachers used to trust their students to speak their own ideas and take responsibility in everything they do. Today, with the birth of the Internet and the countless ideas a student can amass from it, plagiarism is a serious concern everyone in the academe is watching out for. Because of the growing concern of the students credibility and ability to come up with their own ideas, proposals rose to battle such issue, like that of the WPA Statement on Plagiarism. Plagiarism, then, has to be defined before students are taught about the causes and responsibilities that go with it. According to the WPA Statement on Plagiarism, â€Å"plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source. Once a student claims that another authors idea as his own, he is automatically considered as someone who is gu ilty of academic misconduct (Council of Writing Program Administrators, 2003).† Teachers, then, must understand that not all students are ready to risk their own thoughts and ideas.Students who are most likely to plagiarize are those who are poor at managing their time, do not treat the subject or course a significant one. In some cases, teachers trigger the students to plagiarize because of the very generic subjects or cheating goes unpunished. On the other hand, some students try their best to avoid plagiarism but because of their lack of knowledge on this matter, their works falsely appear as a plagiarized material. Because of all these, responsibilities must then be shared by students, faculty members and administrators alike. Students should see projects and assignments as avenues for knowledge, faculty members should give assignments that help students stay away from plainly recycling texts and administrators should implement programs that encourage honesty in any academ ic work. â€Å"Battling plagiarism can be done through developing policies, improving teaching materials and educating students about the significance of this issue (Council of Writing Program Administrators, 2003).†ReferenceCouncil of Writing Program Administrators. (2003). Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism:The WPA Statement on Best Practices. Retrieved July 8, 2008, fromwpacouncil.org/node/9.

7 Resume Mistakes Youre Making That Are Costing You the Job

7 Resume Mistakes Youre Making That Are Costing You the Job At ResumeSpice, we spend a lot of talking to job seekers about how to best present themselves to potential employers. We’ve written quite a bit about it too. However, there are a few universal standards about what not to do on your resume and the team at ResumeSpice has included some of the most common. Regardless of your background and experiences, these mistakes can hurt your chances of landing your dream job. Don’t give misinformationThere are so many reasons not to include misinformation on your resume. Aside from the clear ethical issues, chances are you will be found out. Whether it’s through a reference check or due to the fact that you’re not really that great at the software you claimed mastery of in your resume, time will expose exaggerations and mistruths.   Don’t risk your long-term future for a short-term payoff. Stick to the truth.Lest you think lying on a resume is limited to entry level candidates, here are some high-profile exampl es of higher-level candidates who were caught.Don’t include your nationality, religion, age, or other â€Å"protected† informationThis is particularly relevant to candidates from outside the U.S. where it may not only be accepted, but expected to include information about nationality, age, religion, and other protected classes. But if you’re applying for a job in the U.S., you’ll want to leave this information off.Certain groups of the workforce are protected classes under federal law. As such, employers can be held liable for not hiring someone based on their fitting within certain protected classes, so including that information can make them skip over you to avoid any accusations of discrimination later on.Don’t list your referencesEmployers know that you have references, and it’s understood that they’ll ask for them once they’re seriously considering your candidacy. Don’t waste valuable space on your resume by includ ing references. Don’t even write â€Å"references available by request.†Don’t include meaningless pufferyThere are words and phrases that don’t mean much on your resume. Those phrases like â€Å"team-player,† â€Å"hard-worker,† â€Å"excellent communicator† are all ones you should avoid. The first and most obvious reason is that it takes up space. The second is that those are qualities that every employee should have. If you need some soft skills to include on your resume, demonstrate how you’ve put them in action. Have you led a team? Given presentations and received great feedback? Sharing examples is more powerful than including a list of generic terms.Don’t leave out pertinent informationPertinent information are things like the dates of employ at each company and your contact information (yes, people actually leave out their contact information).Your tenure at each company is important to recruiters, so do yourself a favor and make sure they’re listed. If you’re worried about a career gap, there are several ways you can overcome that on your resume, or you can address it in a cover letter.Don’t include jobs from 20+ years agoIf you have a solid resume and career experience, there’s no need to include the snow cone stand you worked at in high school.   The jobs from long, long ago are likely irrelevant to the types of jobs you’re seeking now. The only time a job during high school might be acceptable to include is if you’re a recent graduate.Don’t use the same resume for each applicationEach company you’re applying to is unique in the sense that they all have different business goals and needs. That’s why they advertise specific qualifications. For each role, pick out several key words that feel really important to the job and interlace your resume with them.   For example, if a company writes that agency experience isn’ t required, but it’s preferred, you’ll definitely want to highlight any agency experience you might have.Everyone wants their resume to stand out, but it needs to stand out for the right reasons, and we think it’s just as important to understand what not to do as it is to understand what to do. We welcome you to visit  ResumeSpice  for more help.About ResumeSpice: ResumeSpice is an online career services company, offering a comprehensive menu of career services to help job seekers land the job of their dreams. From resume writing to cover letter, interviewing, LinkedIn, and career coaching services, job seekers are able to select from a suite of options that meet their needs. ResumeSpice was developed by recruiters based on first-hand knowledge of what recruiters, hiring managers, and HR professionals are really looking for in a successful candidate. For more information, visit  www.resumespice.com.

3.Describe a scenario in which you would use the custom reports Essay

3.Describe a scenario in which you would use the custom reports feature under the Reports menu in the MS Project 2010 Project View - Essay Example The customs feature permits users to develop customized and pre-defined reports. Additionally, in MS Project 2003, one can easily locate the report link under the section of View | Reports. In MS Project 2007, similar features are found in Report | Reports. When users choose these reports link, a dialog box with unique custom features pops up. The customs feature may be used when users want to view details of their plans in varied ways (Schwalbe, 2011). A solitary report may entail a dynamic mixture of textual content, charts, and tables. Dissimilar to many views in MS Project, a story resembles a blank canvas where you can place any elements. The features include charts and tables that emphasize on information that interests users (Schwalbe, 2011). The custom features, similarly, helps users to develop particular information needs for the corresponding projects. The custom feature allows the execution of numerous functions that would otherwise be bulky and daunting. The individual features make report creation a simple

Though cell phones have developed us technologically as a society, Research Paper

Though cell phones have developed us technologically as a society, they have undermined other important social developments - Research Paper Example The cell phones tend to make the person engrossed in it, as a result, the user stays distracted from his surroundings. Cell phones have also in this way harmed social development by reducing face to face social interaction and promoting isolation and aloofness. Introduction The advancement in technology has enabled mankind to leap forward and reach levels that had never been experienced before. Technology has influenced all walks of life ranging from education to business, from medicine to tourism. The area of communication has also been improved exponentially as it has broken all geographical barriers. The whole world has come down to a few clicks’ distance as the people on the other end of the world can be contacted at any time and from any location via communication devices. Cell phones are the most common form of communication devices that are used around the world. One very interesting observation made about cell phones has been that â€Å"the cell phone can simultaneous ly represent freedom from and connectivity to the family† (Cooper 1). This simple statement which refers to the two-faced utility of this gadget points to the advantages and disadvantages that this technology has inherent in it. Cooper has elaborated this concept by drawing attention to the mixed feelings that an empirical study of middle school in a Texas town found among 13-to-14-year old teens towards cell phone which was caused by their â€Å"desire for independence and the reality of parental control through cell phone ownership and use† (1). This conflict has several parallels in our social existence and this paper is an attempt to find out whether cell phones have any negative influences over the society and if so, what changes these influences have brought in. Overview The first hand held cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper who was a General Manager with Motorola in 1973 (Kassel 211). Initially, the weight and size of the device was not practical enough to make it of common use to common man. Whereas, the evolution of technology has made cell phones convenient, practical and affordable for the masses. The use of cell phones has increased more than ever. It is no longer considered as a luxury, rather taken as a necessity in many parts of the world. The urban individual of today is so dependent on this technology that it makes one wonder how life existed on the planet before this invention. But it has to be kept in mind that even in today’s world, to some extent, cell phone is a rich man’s game. This can be seen from the fact that, â€Å"the fifty-eight countries in the world classed as low-income account for only a little over 98 million cell phone subscribers†¦in comparison, cell connections number over 775 million for fifty-four high-income countries† (Goggin 1). Cell phones have made their presence in a diverse range of areas including personal and professional communication. The functions fulfilled by cell phones include, â€Å"staying in constant contact, text messaging, fashion, identity-construction, music, mundane daily work routines, remote parenting, interacting with television programmes, watching videos, surfing the Internet, meeting new people, dating, flirting, loving, bullying, mobile commerce and locating people† (Goggin 2). The qualities that have been associated with cell phones are mainly, â€Å"

African creation myths Essay Example for Free

African creation myths Essay 1. Perhaps the answer that would best suit the question why life is so hard and then you die is how death is portrayed in these stories. There is suffering and hardship in one’s life because of disobedience of the hardships and commands of his gods. Death ultimately becomes the only â€Å"salvation† after so much hardship.   Had the living things and man obeyed the orders of their god, death would not have overcome these lives. In the story of the Plant of Life, the second wife, in her jealousy of not being considered by her husband despite the death of the first wife decided that in order to end her suffering must kill the plant that has taken the time and affection that would have been hers. Hence, ultimately, it is no wonder that in the end, the wife bears the consequent death of all living things. 2.  Ã‚   Basically these African myths hold women in the same way that women are being viewed today. Women are seen as being responsible for the ills that happened to society and life in general.   For example, in the story of the Plant of Life, the second wife was blamed for being the source of death when â€Å"she saw the plant and was jealous and cut it down with a hoe.† (Plant of Life). Such story shows how of little value women are because if the god did not play favourites among his wives, the story would not have ended that way. As a whole, women are viewed as being the cause of tragedies. 3. This myth basically starts out as a story of creation of the world and its five elements.   However, as the story intertwined itself it became a story not of creation but of destruction as each element became defeated by the other until at last Doondari, the god who created these things came down to earth and became the eternal one.   A very good point of interest here is how the story incorporated the attributes of men like sleep, blindness, worry and death and how these attributes became defeated when all of them became proud. It would seem that the writer wanted to emphasize that pride became the reason for the fall of its attributes and in the end, it was the god who has to put everything in its place. 4. One interesting thing about this myth is how Shida Matunda got afraid when the jealous wife killed the plant which what became of his favorite wife when she died. He is a god and yet he had no hold over life when in fact, he created the world and its living things. It would seem that as a god, he too depended on â€Å"higher beings† than himself and that he attributes life on these beings such as the plant which became the plant of life. 5. Between the myth of the Disobedience of Man and the story of creation in Genesis, one common factor emerges as to why one man disobeyed his Creator.   In this African myth, the root of the disobedience is the woman who failed to follow the orders of her god not to till the soil for food while in Genesis, Eve did not take heed in God’s warning not to eat the Forbidden fruit lest they will be punished. Hence, when they disobeyed the order of their gods, they were punished: the first beings in this African myth were sent with Death while Adam and Eve were banished out of the paradise that God created for them. 6. Indeed there is a great similarity between the myth Revolt Against God and the great Flood in Genesis although the manner of wiping out the face of the earth vastly differs with the version in Genesis.   In the myth of the Revolt against God, the gods wiped out the earth through fire whereas in the version of Genesis, the world was wiped out by the Great Flood.   Perhaps the reason why there is a similarity between the two stories is because we all came from the same roots.   Just like in the religions of   Christianity and Islam that traces its roots to Abraham, these stories of cleansing the earth may have also come from one original source and just branched out after generations of passing it. 7.   Ã‚  The gods in these African myths are not at all like gods but rather seemed like counterparts of men.   Although they have created the world, the living things and men, they never ceased to be like human beings who still feel the emotions of human beings or maybe they are simply reflections of the image and likeness of the beings they have created.   However, these African gods tend to be fickle-minded sometimes and would do whatever they feel like doing at the heat of the moment and that analyzing these myths, one can surmise that they are just exercising their power over their creations.

Burden: The Name Says it All in Faulkners Light in August :: Light August Essays

Burden: The Name Says it All in Light in August  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Expecting parents put so much thought, time, and energy into the choosing of a name for their baby. They turn to family trees and dictionaries of names to help in their important decision. In many ways, a child's name can determine who they will become and what kind of person they will be. Then there is the last name. It's automatic; no one has a choice in it. The last name perhaps has more of an impact on determining who a person will become, because the last name carries generations of ideals, memories, and pride. William Faulkner chose very significant last names for the characters in the novel Light in August (1932). Light in August is a story about Joe Christmas, a man shunned from society because of his possible black heritage. The novel describes parts of his youth with a very strict and religious adopted family, his struggle with himself, and his life in Jefferson, Mississippi. There he becomes involved with and eventually murders Joanna Burden, a so-called "nigger lover." Jo anna is a very odd woman with a rather unusual past. Her last name represents generations of self-imposed struggle and despair. Faulkner gave her and her family the last name of Burden to further illustrate, explain, and characterize Joanna and her nature. Joanna is first mentioned in Chapter Two by a townsman-type narrator as, "a woman of middleage. She has lived in the house since she was born, yet she is still a stranger, a foreigner whose people moved in from the North during Reconstruction. A Yankee, a lover of negroes, about whom in the town there is still talk of queer relations with negroes in the town" (33). It is clearly evident that Joanna Burden has no sense of community with the townsmen, nor they with her. In fact, in regards to the fire at her home, one man says, "My pappy says he can remember how fifty years ago folks said it ought to be burned, and with a little human fat meat to start it good" (35). Furthermore, another character elaborates by saying, "They say she is still mixed up with niggers. Visits them when they are sick, like they was white. . . . Folks say she claims that niggers are the same as white folks. That's why folks dont never go out there" (38).